PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.
